Sunday, September 19, 2010

A month at sea!

Life on the boat has been great. What an experience it has been to spend a month out at sea doing coastal research with Rhodes University, and definitely something I would love to do again sometime. It’s absolutely beautiful out in the ocean, with stunning sunrises and sunsets, birds everywhere, and seals, whales and dolphins swimming around the ship. What a magical experience.

Being on the water is like living a different life on a different world, nothing about it resembles anything I’ve ever experienced before. Time loses meaning and days mush together, especially when working the midnight to noon shift, and it is nearly impossible to remember when you did what because you no longer have a regular night’s sleep to separate one day from the other. Instead, it is a constant struggle for an hour of sleep here or two hours there, with no regular schedule whatsoever to keep track of when you’ve done what or what day it is, or even what time it is. Waking up at 2am on the boat feels no different than waking up at 2pm, and rather than living day by day, I think the trip could best be summed up as a thirty day push during which time you have no idea when it is. This is not a bad thing by any means, but it does take some getting used to. We live our entire lives by the clock, waking up in the morning for school or work, going from one appointment to another, then sleeping at night, but that lifestyle does not apply at sea. It is therefore a complete shift from what I’ve been accustomed to for my entire life, and it’s not easy to jump right in to.

Not only do you rarely know when it is, but you often don’t know where you are either. Whether you’re 200 miles off-shore or 10 miles from the coast, there’s no way of knowing where you might be in this vast ocean. Only once was I slightly concerned by this notion, and it was when we were hit with a massive storm near the end of the cruise. With winds raging at 50 mph and 20 foot waves crashing down on us, I began to wonder just how far off the coast we were, hoping for closer rather than farther. What a crazy night that was though, even the windows up on the bridge (nearly 60 feet up) were getting sprayed by the vicious sea. The boat was literally smashing its way through the massive swells, with a twenty foot wave lifting the nose of the ship to nearly 45 degrees, then as it made its way to the back, the front end would smash down violently into the next oncoming wave. Everything was falling over, chairs in the mess, fire hydrants attached to the walls (one went off and sprayed the entire hallway white), dishes and silverware were everywhere, drawers came out flung equipment everywhere… it was mad! But for me, it was quite an exciting madness indeed. While it’s all fine and dandy being in calm waters, I must admit that life on the rough sea is where all the action’s at. That’s when you’re on edge, when you’re literally hanging on for dear life because if you let go of anything you will be thrown across the room or over the railing of the boat. Never is there a dull moment when the weather turns rough, not even if you have twelve hours of waiting around before your next shift starts. It was when we hit the storm that I enjoyed myself the most on the boat, not because it was dangerous (which I would not have enjoyed…in fact knowing that this boat can survive much worse is what kept me comforted) but because it was thrilling.

Sleeping on the boat also takes some serious getting used to. First of all, the walls creak like mad! Because the boat is always rocking, the walls are always creaking, and boy is it annoying. Right next to your head, all you hear is the incessantly loud creaking that manages to keep you awake even after two days of hard work without so much as an hour of sleep. And worse, if you do manage to fall asleep, you are sure to wake up after an hour or so from the annoying sound. The creaky walls are my only complaint on this month long boat trip, it was the only thing that constantly drove me crazy. I’m not sure if other boats are the same, but sheesh that’s one thing I could have lived without. Another difficulty in falling asleep is the fact that you are always moving, rolling left and right in your bed. Sleeping on your side doesn’t work, so it’s either your back or your stomach. When you lie on your back though, your head rolls left and right which is pretty irritating and manages to keep you awake. And to make life even more frustrating, it’s as if the beds onboard were designed by midgets. Maybe it’s just me, but I’ve found that everything in Africa runs a few sizes small. In fact, I havn’t been able to find shoes bigger than size 10 anywhere, beds have always been way too short, and even shower heads are never higher than chest height. But when sleeping is already as hard as it is on the ship, the last thing you need is a bed that’s only five feet long to make matters worse. Now I’m just lying flat on my stomach, arms and legs bent like a frog, trying to get one iota’s worth of sleep.

Anywho… what’s the strangest part of all about being out at sea you may ask? Funny as it may seem, I would have to say landsickness! Let me explain… when you first board the ship, the constant rocking back and forth takes a lot of getting used to, which is why people generally get sea sick for the first three days. It’s much like going on a ride at an amusement park. That thrill that you get, basically the head rush and butterflies in the stomach, come from the movement of the ride. But if you were to stay on that ride for hours and hours, or even days, eventually your body would begin to get used to the movement, and even compensate for it with subtle movements of its own. For example, here on board if you watch anybody you will see them moving back and forth ever so slightly to counter the movement of the ship. It comes naturally after a few days on board, it’s just the body’s reaction to the rocking of the boat. But it’s not actually the movement that makes you sick, it’s that head-rush/butterfly in the stomach feeling caused by moving up and down, back and forth - the same feeling that you experience on a ride. But once your body is accustomed to it, which usually takes one to three days, you lose those feelings altogether and are fine again. Yes you are still rocking and moving around with the boat, but your body has somehow countered the effects, and thus you no longer get sea sick. This is great when you are at sea, and best of all I have found that once you are used to the general movement of the boat, it no longer matters if the waves are three feet high or twenty feet high, you won’t get sea sick either way because your body knows the pattern of movement – the rocking motion. But this does cause problems when you get back to shore. This came as a shock to me because I had never been out to sea so I had no expectations, but I actually got land sick when we docked to refuel for a day. In fact, it was just as bad as when I boarded the ship and got sea sick for the first few hours and it actually made me anxious to get back on the boat and head out to sea where I would feel comfortable again! Funny huh!? Your body will get so used to the movement, that when you step off the boat onto solid ground, you actually feel unstable. You are still naturally trying to counteract the rocking motion (that no longer exists) and thus it makes you feel as if you are moving. It actually made me quite dizzy and nauseous because when I sat still, I knew I wasn’t moving and could even feel that I was sitting motionless, but my body still wanted to counteract the movement of the waves that I had gotten so used to, so my head felt like it was spinning (almost like how you would get dizzy after spinning around for a minute – only this was after being at sea for a month!). Quite an unexpected feeling, and a shocking one at that. Who knew you could get landsick right? It reminded me of a movie I watched as a kid – Waterworld with Kevin Costner. I thought it was so funny, and pretty ridiculous, when he finally found land and said he was heading back out to sea because it didn’t feel right and he was getting ‘landsick.’ Psh, I thought, something only Hollywood would make up for laughs. Well believe it or not, it’s true! Just as your first day out at sea can be quite miserable, so can your first day back on land!




Things to get used to at sea:

Constantly bumping your head on the 4-foot high steel ceiling

Everything falling over around you

Losing your balance as the boat rolls around in the sea, especially when you’re putting on clothes or shoes

Probably taking about 100 steps per day – after a month on a ship you’ve probably averaged the same number of steps as a typical day on land

Rolling in your sleep in a bed made for midgets

Getting soaked when you’re on deck and a rogue wave hits

Eating three times a day…and then another three times because you’re working the night shift

Averaging 2 hours of sleep a day

Losing all track of time

Long days stuck on board with absolutely nothing to do when you have to sit out bad weather

Drinking lots of coffee to keep you going

The incessantly loud creaking sounds the walls beside your bed make as the boat rocks in the water, nearly driving you mad as you try to get your two or so hours of sleep each day

The atrocious swampy smell wafting from the bathroom, which is always musky and damp from people showering

Listening to the sound of your food bounce around inside your stomach as you lay down and roll side to side with the boat

Getting sea sick (at first) and then land sick (later)





Big waves hit us as the storm was approaching. Many of which soaked us if you were standing in the wrong place at the wrong time!


The storm is coming!!



This is a typical sample from the zooplankton net. All kinds of crazy little buggers, many are clear and glassy, it's quite interesting! A lot of the fish we pull up are bioluminescent as well (they have little spots on them that light up in the dark depths of the ocean) which is very cool!


A morning visitor



Sunrise - looking back from the bridge




This is what the CTD scans looks like. They are very informative, giving you info like temp, salinity, flourescence, oxygen etc.. at different depths. This is handy when we need to take a sample at a specific depth, forexample at the thermocline layer or f-max.





Sea birds flying around the ship. Lots of albatross, one of the biggest species of birds on the planet!







Sunset, quite nice isnt it?







Sunrise out at sea








Another sunrise, this time we were close to land on one of our nearshore transects.









Thursday, September 2, 2010

First days at sea

Having never been on ship before, I had no idea what to expect when I boarded the Algoa. For the next thirty days I would be out at sea doing research with 18 other scientists from around South Africa. We left port three days ago on our course from Port Elizabeth to Cape Town. We a running a series of transects along the coast ranging from 200 miles off shore to 20 miles off shore. Our first day out was a bit unnerving as the seas out here are quite rough, especially for a first timer like myself. But after the initial bout of seasickness that lasted for about a day, I started to get comfortable with the rocking motion of the boat. In fact, I rather enjoy it now – it’s quite soothing, especially when going to bed. We finished a near-shore transect and are currently close enough to get internet signal, however for the remainder of the cruise the boat will be too far off the coast to pick up signal, thus I will try to post as many details as I’ve got now.

There are two shifts on the boat – both being 12-12. I opted for the midnight-noon shift, I would rather be sleepy early on in my shift, then awake when the sun comes up instead of being awake during the day part of my shift, then sleepy as night falls. And plus, sunrise at sea is absolutely lovely so this way I get to witness it every day I’m out here! Needless to say the hours are very long and can be quite tiring, but the work we are doing is fascinating and the other researchers are all really interesting to talk with.
The weather so far has been quite tame with waves averaging about 10 feet, but I’ve been told to expect some major wind tonight and some serious storms next week. Starting on Monday we will be ranging farther south to latitudes of 37°, just shy of the ‘roaring fourties’ where wind forces are known to be extreme and storms are practically guaranteed. I’m a bit curious to see what life is like on the rough seas so I’m kind of excited for next week. All I have in my mind at the moment are scenes from the movie ‘The Perfect Storm’ so hopefully things to get quite so out of control, but I still think it should be quite an adventure!

Studies of coastal seas off southern Africa have to a large extent been dominated by the use of satellite remote sensing, however the vertical structure of the water column, organisms being carried by the water, and local ecosystems can only be studied in situ on research cruises, such as this one on the Algoa. I am helping out with a number of studies while on board the cruise, namely projects that are being carried out by Rhodes University, but when other researchers need an extra hand I am available for them as well. There are a number of biological objectives that we are looking at through this research: investigating the spatial dynamic of planktonic communities, determining trophic relations between different escosystems, characterizing the SPM (suspended particulate material) component using stable isotope ratios and fatty acid profiles along the coastline, and finally collecting larvae of the indigenous mussel Perna perna to investigate the pelagic distribution of the species and profile larval densities and distribution as well as examine near-shore densities of larvae with respect to coastline topography, specifically of bays and capes. There are other researchers on board who are collecting distribution and abundance data on seabirds and cetaceans (whales), but I am not involved in their projects.

We have access to some remarkable scientific equipment on board the ship, and most of the work I am involved with requires the use of a CTD, larvae pump, and bongo tow. There are a number of stations along each transect line, and at each station we gather samples using those devices. The CTD is basically a series of bottles mounted on a frame that can be remotely triggered to close and collect water samples at any depth up to 1000m. Water is often collected and compared at various depths including deep (1000m or bottom if shallower), F-Max (a vertical layer with the highest composition of chlorophyll) and shallow. Once collected, the water is tested for various parameters including dissolved oxygen, nutrients, phytoplankton and chlorophyll. A bongo is basically a large net of a certain mesh size (we use two, with mesh sizes of 300 micrometers and 200 micrometers). The bongo is used for zooplankton sampling and is towed from the rear of the boat at various depths to compare planktonic communities throughout the water column. A submersible plankton pump with 60 micrometer mesh is used to collect mussel larvae, and at each station we sample three depths – surface, thermocline, and deep (200m max). Micro-organisms are sampled by collecting water samples at various depths (using the CTD) in cryovials prepared with glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde and place them in liquid nitrogen on deck for further analysis when we get back to shore. Finally, we sample SPM for isotopes and fatty acids by filtering water from various depths and store the samples in an onboard freezer set to -80° C.

Well, that’s basically the rundown of the research I am involved with onboard the ship. It can take anywhere from two to three hours to collect all the required samples at each station along the transect (with two of us working per shift). After all the samples have been collected, we move forward to the next station, often a 30 minute - 1 hour steam at 10 knots. The work is tough but it is very interesting and therefore goes by rather quickly. In fact, I think the hardest part of the day is trying to go to bed at 2pm to prepare for my midnight shift. Yes I am often tired from the night before, but still, it’s the middle of the day and my body isn’t used to going to bed so early. Mealtime is also very strange when working from midnight to noon. The standard meals on the boat are normal breakfast lunch and dinner, but when working through the night I often eat two or three times during my shift as well. Then I still eat breakfast, and because I get off at noon I end up eating lunch as well. And if I try to go to bed in the middle of the day, I end up hungry around 6pm because I’m so used to eating dinner, so I often end up eating dinner as well, bringing my total meal count for the day up to 6! Yikes, not good, especially considering the fact that we don’t get any exercise when stuck on a boat for a month. By the time the bad weather hits next week, maybe I’ll have put on so much blubber that it wouldn’t even matter if I tip overboard, I would simply float back to shore effortlessly! Speaking of which, last night around 3am the other researcher and I were pulling in the bongo near the edge of the boat when a rogue wave hit the ship and nearly sent both of us overboard. We were both bent over, pressed against the side holding on for dear life with the sea about two feet from our faces. We laughed it off, although I’m not sure we would have done the same had we actually fallen off… Makes me wonder what next week will be like when the real weather hits!

Well, life on the boat is great. In fact, I love it so much that I will strongly consider looking for more research cruises – it’s a fun experience and I quite like being out at sea. The hours are long, living spaces are small and take some getting used to, and the work is hard - but the reward is spectacular…every morning I am on deck at sun-rise, whales breach in the distance, seals swim up to the boat in curiosity, sea birds fly around us in every direction – it’s unlike anything one could experience on land. Well, I’d better get to bed, my shift starts in a few hours and it’s supposed to be a windy night tonight, which means the work will be that much harder as all our equipment flaps around in the wind. Out to sea we go!





This shows the stations and transects we will be running along the coast.


The bongo being lifted out of the sea


Keeping records of what we do at each station



Cryovial tubes ready to be put into liquid nitrogen



Another view of the bongo




The other two researchers from Rhodes, both doing post-docs




Preping the CTD






Lifting the CTD after a 1000m dip







The larvae pump








Here's the mess room where we eat breakfast lunch and dinner! (and everything in between in my case)